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| Item | General History | Dates | Sacred History | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hasmoneans rule Palestine with varying success and much internal strife. Hasmonean civil war 67-63BC. Strabo, 64-21, historian and geographer. | 164 BC | Book of Daniel composed, but set in the time of Babylonian exile. It advocates resistance and dietary purity. | Septuagint Complete; Pharisees, Sadducees, Priests, God fearers, Essenes, Therapeutics, and Jews throughout R. Empire (Philo) |
| 2 | Romans enter to restore order in P. | 63 BC | On Pharisees' request. See note on 15 Radicals in: 47bc-to-70ad. | |
| 3 | Philo of Alexandria | 20BC- 50AD | Jewish interpreter of Plato; historian | External source. |
| 4 | Herod the Great ruler of P. Begins famous temple in Jerusalem. | 40-4BC | Ca. Birth of Jesus | There never was the child murder in Bethlehem. |
| 5 | Archelaus rules Judea; kills hundreds of opponents. | 4BC-6AD | Deposed for misrule. | |
| 6 | Roman procurator (military ruler) over Judea | 6-37 AD | Pontius Pilate (27-36AD) Life of Jesus, teachings and death ca.26-29 AD | Her. Antipas in Galilee, Perea (4BC- 39AD); John the Baptist ca. 25 |
| 7 | Various rulers in Judea and Galilee; unrest increases | 37 - 66 | Romanising the temple and sacrifices meets resistance. | Zealots, Sicarii challenge Roman rules; Radicals. |
| 8 | 50 - 60 | Letters of Paul | ||
| 9 | Temple completed in 64. | 60 - 64 | Death of James, Peter and Paul | Probably all in Jerusalem in unrest leading up to the revolt. |
| 10 | Great fire of Rome; Nero Emp. | 64 | 'Christians' accused of arson. | Possibly |
| 11 | First Jewish Revolt in Palestine, Masada falls in 74. | 66 - 74 | 66-69: Galilee overrun, Gamla destroyed; Temple and Jerusalem burn in 70. Inhabitants flee. | Jewish radicals fight in J. as the Romans approach! The Essene school Qumran also destroyed. |
| 12 | 69 -75 | First Gospel written. | Attributed later to 'Mark'. | |
| 13 | Judea placed under legionary control; named 'Palistina'. | 74 - 130 | ||
| 14 | 80-90 | Second Gospel written. | Attributed later to Matthew.Josephus' 'Jewish War' | |
| 15 | Rabbinic reconstruction 1 ; school near Yavneh (Tel Aviv) | 90 - 125 | Foundation of Judaism begins. | Josephus (Jewish historian) writes: Antiquities |
| 16 | 96 | Fourth Gospel; death of John. | This gospel attributed to John. Maybe later. | |
| 17 | 90 - 100 | Third Gospel and Acts | Both attributed to Luke. | |
| 18 | Tacitus: Annals | 117 | Mentions Jesus. | |
| 19 | Second Jewish Revolt | 132 - 135 | Bar Kochba as Messiah and revolt leader. | Romans ban Jews from Jerusalem and the teaching of the Tanak. |
| 20 | Justin Martyr | 100-165 | Church Father, author. | 135Time of last NT-letters. |